It has been established that
certain hydrocarbons, phenols, amino-acids, amides, alcohols, esters, ketones,
nitriles etc. Accelerate the rate of dyeing polyester fibres with disperse dyes
from aqueous medium at temperature up to 100 degree C. These dyeing assistants
alter the dispersing properties of the dyes and the physical charactistics of
the fibre so that more dye can be transferred from the dyebath to the fiber. These
are called carriers and are necessary for dyeing polyester fibre at the normal
pressure and temperature below 100 degree C to increase the dyeing rate and to
permit dye migration within the fibre. Level dyeing of disperse dyes depends on
the migration power of dye which is affected by nature and amount of carrier
dyeing time, temperature and the shade.
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